Mutagenesis
Mutagenesis can be induced by either physical (e.g., X-rays, γ-rays) or chemical (e.g., EMS or azide) agents.
However:
- the frequency of success is very low
- an effective screening technique is needed for the target trait
- most mutations are deleterious and recessive
- mutagenesis affects the whole genome, so many changes are induced at the same time